Global and Geographically Weighted Quantile Regression for Modeling the Incident Rate of Children’s Lead Poisoning in Syracuse, NY, USA
Date:2025-06-02 clicks:
Impact Factor:3.39
DOI number:10.3390/ijerph15102300
Journal:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Key Words:incidence rate of children’s blood lead poisoning; elevated blood lead level; quantile regression; geographically weighted quantile regression
Abstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse (NY, USA), using quantile regression models. Methods: Global quantile regression (QR) and geographically weighted quantile regression (GWQR) were applied to model the relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors at different quantiles (25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th). The response variable was the incident rate of children’s blood lead level ≥ 5 μg/dL in each census block, and the three predictor variables included building year, town taxable values, and soil lead concentration. Results: At each quantile, the regression coefficients of both global QR and GWQR models were (1) negative for both building year and town taxable values, indicating that the incident rate of children lead poisoning reduced with newer buildings and/or higher taxable values of the houses; and (2) positive for the soil lead concentration, implying that higher soil lead concentration around the house may cause higher risks of children’s lead poisoning. Further, these negative or positive relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors became stronger for larger quantiles (i.e., higher risks). Conclusions: The GWQR models enabled us to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse, which would provide useful information to assist the government agencies to make better decisions on where and what the lead hazard treatment should focus on.
Co-author:Liyang Shao,Qianqian Cao
First Author:Q1, Zhen Zhen
Indexed by:Journal paper
Correspondence Author:Lianjun Zhang*
Volume:15
Issue:10
Page Number:2300
ISSN No.:1660-4601
Translation or Not:no
Date of Publication:2018-01-01
Included Journals:SCI、SSCI